CLARIN/Security for web services

General requirements

The general delegation issue as discussed before has the following requirements.

for the User Single sign-on (*) Access public and private resources from within portal (and web services) Transparent, no required confirmation for every service or service access (*)

for Services Authentication by identity provider (IdP) Authorization by service owner (*) Nested service invocation possible (delegation of the user's credentials) (*)

for the System as a whole Multi-federation authorization, with Shibboleth/SimpleSAMLphp (*) # §5.1.5 SOAP and(/or) REST (*) # Using proven technologies Operational effort minimal (*) In-line with standards & best practices # Can we start today? (*)

Optional or variable criteria:

• Restrictions on delegation
• Performance / overhead

(*) "Workshop security for web services - discussion minutes", W. van Engen, 2010

Specific requirements for this use-case

The practical use-case that is being looked at is a lot simpler. Here a user logged into the CMDI portal needs to be able to access private information in the ISOcat registry. This means that logging into the CMDI portal should give access to the ISOcat registry as well. How exactly, that is the topic of this discussion.

The requirements for this specific use-case are equal to the general case though a little simpler:

1. Only one level of delegation is required: a single service should be accessed from the portal
2. All user interaction is in the web-browser
3. Delegation needs to happen only when the user is active in the portal (not offline)

Options

There are different ways of tackling the issue, but only some can survive. (In the diagrams solid lines are browser redirects, dashed lines are communication outside of the browser.)

Open

All services trust each other. No technical security measures (other than, possibly, blocking complete strangers); managable upto ~15 services [TODO ref needed]

Shibboleth + delegation

Shibboleth is already used for federated authentication. It has ECP support with delegation; Shibboleth v1.2.3+ has a plugin for this, while Shibboleth v2.2+ has this included by default. Services using this can rely on the corresponding delegated authentication integration library.

If all IdPs have Shibboleth version v2.2 or higher this is a very interesting option. In Europe though the IdP landscape is diverse. Among the software packages used are Shibboleth, SimpleSAMLphp (which doesn't seem to support ECP), PingFederate and probably more.

SAML ECP

(see Shibboleth) [TODO would there be other SAML ECP options than Shibboleth?]

OAuth 1.0

OAuth 1 is used on the world wide web as a method to access server resources on behalf of a resource owner. It is used by quite a number of big websites like Google, Twitter.

OAuth 1.0 requires browser redirection and confirmation [TODO check if confirmation is optional]. This might be acceptable for the portal scenario, but not for nested service invocations (real delegation).

OAuth 2.0

OAuth 2 is the next evolution of OAuth (still in draft), which supports many more scenario's. This is being adopted (Facebook is on the wagon already). RedIRIS has already made this work with Shibboleth in OAuth2lib. Here the AS is a token service that is populated by the portal.

Intermediate Token Portal

Expading on the OAuth 2.0 approach, one could decouple feeding the token service (STS, or AS in previous diagram) from the user portal: a dedicated portal (that is invisible to the user by redirects) could do this instead. This could improve security and make building portals easier.

Browser mashup

It may also be possible to keep the portal and service completely separated and combine them in the browser (the web mashup approach). As the service is in this case no more than a pick-list, it could be put in an iframe, which could somehow return a value to the parent document (some tricks required, but it may be possible). Authentication of the portal and the service is then completely unrelated, but single sign-on can make this a smooth experience.

In web terminology this is called cross-domain transport/communication, which could be implemented using an iframe, 3rd-party cookies, JSONP, referer and probably others. 1 2

This is not a general solution, but may be a simple solution for this specific case.

Links

Standards

• User Managed Access (UMA) has some overlap with this work
• OASIS Web Services Security: WS-Security, username, X.509, SAML
• A SASL and GSS-API Mechanism for SAML, uses base64 encoded SAML request in URL
• OAuth 2.0, and with SAML assertions

Libraries

• OAuth 2 assertion profile library
• Shibboleth ECP delegation, web-service client, and configuring it.

Federations

• eduGAIN
• OpenSocial
• SURFfederatie diensten

Other

• N-tier usage of SAML in backend